19th Century History: Most Popular Articles
These articles are the most popular over the last month.
Timeline: India in the 1800s
Britain's involvement with India began modestly at the beginnings of the 1600s, and by the 1800s British citizens living in India had created their own Anglo-Indian society. The British Raj, as it was known, was a fascinating chapter in history.
Britain's involvement with India began modestly at the beginnings of the 1600s, and by the 1800s British citizens living in India had created their own Anglo-Indian society. The British Raj, as it was known, was a fascinating chapter in history.
Brief History of Whaling
The whaling industry flourished in New England from about 1820 to 1860, until the demand for oil for illumination was replaced by oil taken from the ground.
The whaling industry flourished in New England from about 1820 to 1860, until the demand for oil for illumination was replaced by oil taken from the ground.
New York's Five Points
Learn about the Five Points, a notorious neighborhood in New York City in the 1800s. The area, named for the intersection of several streets, was home to gangs, and reformers constantly cited it as one of the most dangerous areas in the world.
Learn about the Five Points, a notorious neighborhood in New York City in the 1800s. The area, named for the intersection of several streets, was home to gangs, and reformers constantly cited it as one of the most dangerous areas in the world.
Abraham Lincoln Timeline
The timeline of the life of Abraham Lincoln's early life documents the 16th president's rise from his humble birth in a log cabin in Kentucky to his career as an Illinois lawyer and potential presidential candidate.
The timeline of the life of Abraham Lincoln's early life documents the 16th president's rise from his humble birth in a log cabin in Kentucky to his career as an Illinois lawyer and potential presidential candidate.
genhauptloco
The locomotive General Haupt, photographed at Alexandria, Virginia in 1863.
The locomotive General Haupt, photographed at Alexandria, Virginia in 1863.
Was Moby Dick Real?
When Herman Melville wrote his classic novel Moby Dick, he based the character of the white whale on a real animal, a white whale often sighted in the Pacific Ocean off the coast of South America.
When Herman Melville wrote his classic novel Moby Dick, he based the character of the white whale on a real animal, a white whale often sighted in the Pacific Ocean off the coast of South America.
The Mexican War
The Mexican War, fought between the United States and Mexico in the mid-1840s, was a triumph for the US and greatly increased American territory. It was wildly popular in its day though some critics denounced it at the time, and its origins remain a topic of debate to this day. Military leaders of the American Civil War, including Robert E. Lee and Ulysses S. Grant, received valuable experience in Mexican battles.
The Mexican War, fought between the United States and Mexico in the mid-1840s, was a triumph for the US and greatly increased American territory. It was wildly popular in its day though some critics denounced it at the time, and its origins remain a topic of debate to this day. Military leaders of the American Civil War, including Robert E. Lee and Ulysses S. Grant, received valuable experience in Mexican battles.
Brooklyn Bridge's Caisson
Much of the early work on the Brooklyn Bridge was invisible to the public, as it occurred underwater, in caissons, huge bottomless boxes sunk on the river bottom.
Much of the early work on the Brooklyn Bridge was invisible to the public, as it occurred underwater, in caissons, huge bottomless boxes sunk on the river bottom.
Retreat from Kabul, 1842
A British force occupied the Afghan capital of Kabul in the late 1830s, but a revolt forced 16,000 to retreat from the city in January 1842. The columns of British troops were attacked mercilessly by Afghan tribesmen, and only one man, an army surgeon, lived to tell the story.
A British force occupied the Afghan capital of Kabul in the late 1830s, but a revolt forced 16,000 to retreat from the city in January 1842. The columns of British troops were attacked mercilessly by Afghan tribesmen, and only one man, an army surgeon, lived to tell the story.
Custer: Facts and Photos
George Armstrong Custer defined an era in the American West, and the tragic circumstances of his death at the Little Bighorn in 1876 horrified and captivated the nation. Before meeting his end on the plains, he served with some distinction in the Civil War.
George Armstrong Custer defined an era in the American West, and the tragic circumstances of his death at the Little Bighorn in 1876 horrified and captivated the nation. Before meeting his end on the plains, he served with some distinction in the Civil War.
Assassination of Lincoln
The assassination of President Abraham Lincoln on April 14, 1865 shocked the United States just at the end of the Civil War. The horrifying news traveled quickly by telegraph, and newspapers across the country published special editions informing the public of the tragedy. Illustrated magazines soon allowed citizens to get a sense of what had happened. Images of the Lincoln assassination were fascinating then, and remain so to this day.
The assassination of President Abraham Lincoln on April 14, 1865 shocked the United States just at the end of the Civil War. The horrifying news traveled quickly by telegraph, and newspapers across the country published special editions informing the public of the tragedy. Illustrated magazines soon allowed citizens to get a sense of what had happened. Images of the Lincoln assassination were fascinating then, and remain so to this day.
UPexcursion
When the Union Pacific railroad reached the 100th meridian a special excursion train brought dignitaries out to the point on the prairie to make the occasion.
When the Union Pacific railroad reached the 100th meridian a special excursion train brought dignitaries out to the point on the prairie to make the occasion.
richmondloco
A locomotive in Richmond in 1865 shows the destruction wrought by the war.
A locomotive in Richmond in 1865 shows the destruction wrought by the war.
Christening Ships
The tradition of christening news ships by breaking a bottle of champagne against the bow developed in the 19th century. By the late 1800s, ship christenings were elaborate public events, attended by many thousands. It was considered extremely important that the champagne bottle break on the first attempt, or the ship would be considered unlucky.
The tradition of christening news ships by breaking a bottle of champagne against the bow developed in the 19th century. By the late 1800s, ship christenings were elaborate public events, attended by many thousands. It was considered extremely important that the champagne bottle break on the first attempt, or the ship would be considered unlucky.
johnbull-cars
This photograph of the John Bull locomotive and its cars was taken in the late 1800s, but this is how the train would have looked while in service decades earlier.
This photograph of the John Bull locomotive and its cars was taken in the late 1800s, but this is how the train would have looked while in service decades earlier.
potomacrunbridge
The Potomac Run Bridge railroad bridge in the Civil War, photographed in 1862.
The Potomac Run Bridge railroad bridge in the Civil War, photographed in 1862.
The Brooklyn Bridge
New York's Brooklyn Bridge was the greatest engineering achievement of its era when it was finished in 1883. During its 14 years of construction skeptics thought it would collapse, but more than 125 years later, its a beautiful landmark and a very practical conveyance used by thousands of commuters everyday.
New York's Brooklyn Bridge was the greatest engineering achievement of its era when it was finished in 1883. During its 14 years of construction skeptics thought it would collapse, but more than 125 years later, its a beautiful landmark and a very practical conveyance used by thousands of commuters everyday.
danforthcookepaterson
The Danforth Cooke Locomotive works in Paterson, New Jersey, from a print made in the mid-1800s.
The Danforth Cooke Locomotive works in Paterson, New Jersey, from a print made in the mid-1800s.
Custer's Last Fight
Custer was generally portrayed as facing death bravely, such as in this print from the 19th century.
Custer was generally portrayed as facing death bravely, such as in this print from the 19th century.
Products Made from Whales
Whaling in the 1800s is often remembered for tales of adventure, but men actually risked their lives throwing harpoons at huge animals because many useful products were obtained from the bodies of whales.
Whaling in the 1800s is often remembered for tales of adventure, but men actually risked their lives throwing harpoons at huge animals because many useful products were obtained from the bodies of whales.
prescar
The private rail car designed for President Lincoln, which was used as his funeral car.
The private rail car designed for President Lincoln, which was used as his funeral car.
Grave of Myles Keogh of the 7th Cavalry, Little Bighorn battlefield, Montana
The body of Col. Myles Keogh was buried on the battlefield at the Little Bighorn.
The body of Col. Myles Keogh was buried on the battlefield at the Little Bighorn.
Johnstown Flood
The Johnstown Flood of May 31, 1889 was the biggest news story to hit American since the Civil War. More than 2,000 people were killed when a wall of water sped down a valley and devastated an industrial town in western Pennsylvania, in calamity that was, by most accounts, avoidable.
The Johnstown Flood of May 31, 1889 was the biggest news story to hit American since the Civil War. More than 2,000 people were killed when a wall of water sped down a valley and devastated an industrial town in western Pennsylvania, in calamity that was, by most accounts, avoidable.
Custer's Last Fight by Alfred Waud
The noted battlefield artist Alfred Waud, portrayed Custer facing death bravely in a drawing which was, of course, not drawn from experience.
The noted battlefield artist Alfred Waud, portrayed Custer facing death bravely in a drawing which was, of course, not drawn from experience.
Custer on a Hunting Party
George Armstrong Custer took to life on the Great Plains, and often enjoyed elaborate hunting expeditions, such as the one portrayed in this vintage photograph.
George Armstrong Custer took to life on the Great Plains, and often enjoyed elaborate hunting expeditions, such as the one portrayed in this vintage photograph.
whitonloclprescar
The locomotive W.H. Whiton with the car of the President of the United States, Abraham Lincoln, photographed in January 1865.
The locomotive W.H. Whiton with the car of the President of the United States, Abraham Lincoln, photographed in January 1865.
Custer's Last Stand on a Trading Card
Custer's Last Stand became a potent symbol in America, and even before it was immortalized in many western movies, it made its appearance on a cigarette trading card.
Custer's Last Stand became a potent symbol in America, and even before it was immortalized in many western movies, it made its appearance on a cigarette trading card.
Irish Brigade
The Union Army's Irish Brigade fought in the Civil War battles of Antietam, Fredericksburg, and Gettysburg. The brigade consisted of three New York regiment and a Massachusetts regiment, and it was led by an exiled Irish revolutionary, Thomas Francis Meagher.
The Union Army's Irish Brigade fought in the Civil War battles of Antietam, Fredericksburg, and Gettysburg. The brigade consisted of three New York regiment and a Massachusetts regiment, and it was led by an exiled Irish revolutionary, Thomas Francis Meagher.
Bismarck, the Iron Chancellor
The great Prussian diplomat and political strategist Otto von Bismarck provoked several wars while engaging in his life's work of unifying Germany in the late 1800s. The "Iron Chancellor" essentially led Germany for decades, and was one of the most influential figures of the 19th century.
The great Prussian diplomat and political strategist Otto von Bismarck provoked several wars while engaging in his life's work of unifying Germany in the late 1800s. The "Iron Chancellor" essentially led Germany for decades, and was one of the most influential figures of the 19th century.
Heroic Death of Custer
George Armstrong Custer's death at the Little Bighorn was generally portrayed in very glorious depictions by artists who were not, of course, witnesses to the actual scene.
George Armstrong Custer's death at the Little Bighorn was generally portrayed in very glorious depictions by artists who were not, of course, witnesses to the actual scene.
The Great Famine
The Great Famine that ravaged the potato crop in Ireland in the 1840s caused widespread starvation, thanks in part to the British Empire's handling of the crisis. The population of Ireland would be cut in half, and waves of Irish immigrants landing in North America would have effects that resonated for decades. Lowly spores infecting the potato would eventually remake both Ireland and the United States.
The Great Famine that ravaged the potato crop in Ireland in the 1840s caused widespread starvation, thanks in part to the British Empire's handling of the crisis. The population of Ireland would be cut in half, and waves of Irish immigrants landing in North America would have effects that resonated for decades. Lowly spores infecting the potato would eventually remake both Ireland and the United States.
Walt Whitman Wrote a Death Sonnet About Custer
The great American poet Walt Whitman was moved by Custer's death, and wrote a death sonnet about the fallen cavalry commander.
The great American poet Walt Whitman was moved by Custer's death, and wrote a death sonnet about the fallen cavalry commander.
acrossthecontinent01
In the fanciful print by Currier & Ives the railroad heads westward.
In the fanciful print by Currier & Ives the railroad heads westward.
Communication Revolution
In the 19th century the world was changed profoundly by the telegraph, which made transmission of news almost instantaneous. A transatlantic cable made communication possible between America and Europe, and by the end of the century nearly every corner of the world had been reached by the telegraph wire.
In the 19th century the world was changed profoundly by the telegraph, which made transmission of news almost instantaneous. A transatlantic cable made communication possible between America and Europe, and by the end of the century nearly every corner of the world had been reached by the telegraph wire.
The Arrival of Jumbo
These vintage images depict highlights from the career of the great showman Phineas T. Barnum, an influential and beloved figure in 19th century America. His museums, shows, and circuses entertained millions of people, and the 1800s would have been a much drearier time without his creative flair and enthusiasm.
These vintage images depict highlights from the career of the great showman Phineas T. Barnum, an influential and beloved figure in 19th century America. His museums, shows, and circuses entertained millions of people, and the 1800s would have been a much drearier time without his creative flair and enthusiasm.
Classic Slave Narratives
A handful of accounts written by former slaves have been hailed as classics of American writing. These authors, all of whom struggled to achieve freedom, told their stories and helped galvanize the abolition movement in America.
A handful of accounts written by former slaves have been hailed as classics of American writing. These authors, all of whom struggled to achieve freedom, told their stories and helped galvanize the abolition movement in America.
Kansas-Nebraska Act
The Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854 was envisioned as a compromise over slavery, but it wound up inflaming passions on both sides of the issue and becoming a major stepping stone on the path to Civil War.
The Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854 was envisioned as a compromise over slavery, but it wound up inflaming passions on both sides of the issue and becoming a major stepping stone on the path to Civil War.
George Armstrong Custer at the Site of the Kidder Massacre, 1867
In 1867 Custer saw the result of an Indian attack on a small party of cavalryman.
In 1867 Custer saw the result of an Indian attack on a small party of cavalryman.
johnbull-original
The John Bull was a locomotive built in England and brought to America in 1831 for service in New Jersey. The locomotive was amazingly durable, and while superseded by larger locomotives, it remained operable for decades. This photograph was taken in 1893.
The John Bull was a locomotive built in England and brought to America in 1831 for service in New Jersey. The locomotive was amazingly durable, and while superseded by larger locomotives, it remained operable for decades. This photograph was taken in 1893.
Classic Irish History Books
Classic books by 19th century Irish historians are available for free on the web by accessing these convenient links.
Classic books by 19th century Irish historians are available for free on the web by accessing these convenient links.
Haymarket Riot
The riot in Haymarket Square in Chicago in May 1886 began when a bomb was thrown into a crowd of protesters. Police and civilians died and the American labor movement suffered a serious setback. Anarchists were arrested for the bombing, convicted and hanged, though their trial was later found to have been unfair.
The riot in Haymarket Square in Chicago in May 1886 began when a bomb was thrown into a crowd of protesters. Police and civilians died and the American labor movement suffered a serious setback. Anarchists were arrested for the bombing, convicted and hanged, though their trial was later found to have been unfair.
Missouri Compromise
The crisis prompted in 1820 when Missouri sought to enter the Union as a slave state resulted in a great compromise which attempted to lessen the enormous tensions caused by slavery, the great divisive issue in early 19th century America.
The crisis prompted in 1820 when Missouri sought to enter the Union as a slave state resulted in a great compromise which attempted to lessen the enormous tensions caused by slavery, the great divisive issue in early 19th century America.
1807 US Slave Trade Act
The United States Constitution mandated that no law prohibiting the importation of slaves could be passed until 1808. And the US Congress and President Thomas Jefferson passed a law in early 1807 that would outlaw the trans-Atlantic slave trade on January 1, 1808.
The United States Constitution mandated that no law prohibiting the importation of slaves could be passed until 1808. And the US Congress and President Thomas Jefferson passed a law in early 1807 that would outlaw the trans-Atlantic slave trade on January 1, 1808.
Towers of the Brooklyn Bridge
This stereograph card shows the towers of the Brooklyn Bridge before the four massive suspension cables were strung between them.
This stereograph card shows the towers of the Brooklyn Bridge before the four massive suspension cables were strung between them.
Sitting Bull, Respected Leader of the Sioux
Sitting Bull was the leader of the Sioux at the time of Custer's encounter with the war parties at the Little Bighorn.
Sitting Bull was the leader of the Sioux at the time of Custer's encounter with the war parties at the Little Bighorn.
Chief Justice John Marshall
In the earliest years of the United States, the Supreme Court was little more than a vague concept mentioned in the Constitution. But John Marshall, a Chief Justice nominated in the final months of the presidency of John Adams, would make the Supreme Court a powerful and co-equal branch of the federal government.
In the earliest years of the United States, the Supreme Court was little more than a vague concept mentioned in the Constitution. But John Marshall, a Chief Justice nominated in the final months of the presidency of John Adams, would make the Supreme Court a powerful and co-equal branch of the federal government.
Custer's Became an Icon After His Death
Custer became an American icon after his death.
Custer became an American icon after his death.
Horace Greeley
Horace Greeley, founded and editor of the New York Tribune, was one of the most influential Americans of the 1800s. He battled against slavery, supported various reform causes, and even ran as a major candidate for president.
Horace Greeley, founded and editor of the New York Tribune, was one of the most influential Americans of the 1800s. He battled against slavery, supported various reform causes, and even ran as a major candidate for president.
Queen Victoria
Queen Victoria ruled Great Britain for six decades, and her life in some ways defined the 1800s.
Queen Victoria ruled Great Britain for six decades, and her life in some ways defined the 1800s.
tomthumb-rakeman
The locomotive Tom Thumb was being demonstrated in late August 1830 when Cooper was challenged to race his steam powered vehicle against a horse.
The locomotive Tom Thumb was being demonstrated in late August 1830 when Cooper was challenged to race his steam powered vehicle against a horse.
John and Abigail Adams Books
John and Abigail Adams left an indelible mark on the 18th century, but readers did not fully comprehend the depth of their relationship until the publication of their letters in the 1840s.
John and Abigail Adams left an indelible mark on the 18th century, but readers did not fully comprehend the depth of their relationship until the publication of their letters in the 1840s.
Know-Nothing Party
Learn about the American political party called the Know-Nothings, which campaigned against immigrants, specifically new arrivals from Ireland in the 1840s and 1850s.
Learn about the American political party called the Know-Nothings, which campaigned against immigrants, specifically new arrivals from Ireland in the 1840s and 1850s.
Irish History: The 1800s
The history of Ireland in the 1800s was marked by the Great Famine as well as by a series of rebellions against British rule.
The history of Ireland in the 1800s was marked by the Great Famine as well as by a series of rebellions against British rule.
goldenspike
The final spike for the transcontinental railroad was driven on May 10, 1869, at Promontory Point, Utah.
The final spike for the transcontinental railroad was driven on May 10, 1869, at Promontory Point, Utah.
Giuseppe Garibaldi
The Italian revolutionary Giuseppe Garibaldi became an international celebrity even before he succeeded in uniting Italy.
The Italian revolutionary Giuseppe Garibaldi became an international celebrity even before he succeeded in uniting Italy.
The Brooklyn Anchorage
This image of the Brooklyn anchorage of the Brooklyn Bridge illustrate what actually made the bridge work: enormous cables anchored at either end would carry the weight of the roadway.
This image of the Brooklyn anchorage of the Brooklyn Bridge illustrate what actually made the bridge work: enormous cables anchored at either end would carry the weight of the roadway.
The Step Onto the Footbridge
Stepping onto this temporary wooden walkway connecting the towers of the Brooklyn Bridge required nerves of steel.
Stepping onto this temporary wooden walkway connecting the towers of the Brooklyn Bridge required nerves of steel.
1810-1820 Timeline
The decade from 1810 to 1820 was marked by the Battle of Waterloo, the British burning the White House, Francis Scott Key writing the Star-Spangled Banner, and a peculiar weather event known as "The Year Without a Summer."
The decade from 1810 to 1820 was marked by the Battle of Waterloo, the British burning the White House, Francis Scott Key writing the Star-Spangled Banner, and a peculiar weather event known as "The Year Without a Summer."
Stereograph of the Custer Monument
The battlefield at the Little Bighorn, where Custer and the 7th Cavalry made their famous Last Stand, is portrayed in a stereograph card, which would appear three dimensional when viewed with a popular optical device of the late 19th century.
The battlefield at the Little Bighorn, where Custer and the 7th Cavalry made their famous Last Stand, is portrayed in a stereograph card, which would appear three dimensional when viewed with a popular optical device of the late 19th century.
General Tom Thumb
Society in the 1800s was fascinated by Charles Sherwood Stratton, who was discovered by the famed showman Phineas Barnum and promoted as General Tom Thumb. In a career spanning 40 years, Tom Thumb performed across the US and Europe, met Queen Victoria and President Lincoln, and sold an estimated 20 million tickets.
Society in the 1800s was fascinated by Charles Sherwood Stratton, who was discovered by the famed showman Phineas Barnum and promoted as General Tom Thumb. In a career spanning 40 years, Tom Thumb performed across the US and Europe, met Queen Victoria and President Lincoln, and sold an estimated 20 million tickets.
Senator Stephen Douglas
Senator Stephen Douglas of Illinois is best remembered for the famed Lincoln-Douglas debates, but he was also one of the most influential figures in the US government in the 1850s, and played a crucial role in legislation that propelled the United States toward the Civil War.
Senator Stephen Douglas of Illinois is best remembered for the famed Lincoln-Douglas debates, but he was also one of the most influential figures in the US government in the 1850s, and played a crucial role in legislation that propelled the United States toward the Civil War.
Brooklyn Bridge's Foot Bridge
Images such as this, of the Brooklyn Bridge's temporary footbridge, fascinated the public in the 1870s.
Images such as this, of the Brooklyn Bridge's temporary footbridge, fascinated the public in the 1870s.
Garibaldi as Media Celebrity
The Italian revolutionary and military hero Giuseppe Garibaldi achieved great fame during his lifetime, and has been considered the first media celebrity. His adventures and exploits coincided with the emergence of magazines and pictorial newspapers.
The Italian revolutionary and military hero Giuseppe Garibaldi achieved great fame during his lifetime, and has been considered the first media celebrity. His adventures and exploits coincided with the emergence of magazines and pictorial newspapers.
Building the Erie Canal
The Erie Canal, built between 1817 and 1825, dramatically transformed the young American nation by making trade possible between the cities of the east coast and the inland territories. The canal was an engineering marvel, and its economic success made New York known as the "Empire State."
The Erie Canal, built between 1817 and 1825, dramatically transformed the young American nation by making trade possible between the cities of the east coast and the inland territories. The canal was an engineering marvel, and its economic success made New York known as the "Empire State."
Slave Narratives Emerge
The astonishing emergence and publication of two newly discovered slave narratives, as a book titled Slave No More by David W. Blight, are a dramatic reminder of the power of the autobiographies of escaped or freed slaves.
The astonishing emergence and publication of two newly discovered slave narratives, as a book titled Slave No More by David W. Blight, are a dramatic reminder of the power of the autobiographies of escaped or freed slaves.
Senator Beaten With a Cane
Tensions over slavery boiled over in May 1856, as attacks in Kansas amounted to a small-scale civil war. And the violence even reached the US Capitol, where a Congressman from South Carolina, Preston Brooks, beat a Senator from Massachusetts, Charles Sumner. Brooks felt that a speech Sumner gave condemning slavery deserved physical punishment.
Tensions over slavery boiled over in May 1856, as attacks in Kansas amounted to a small-scale civil war. And the violence even reached the US Capitol, where a Congressman from South Carolina, Preston Brooks, beat a Senator from Massachusetts, Charles Sumner. Brooks felt that a speech Sumner gave condemning slavery deserved physical punishment.
Florence Nightingale
The British nurse Florence Nightingale gained fame while serving in the Crimea, where she became known as "The Lady With the Lamp." She reformed the nursing profession, and campaigned for sanitary practices that saved many lives.
The British nurse Florence Nightingale gained fame while serving in the Crimea, where she became known as "The Lady With the Lamp." She reformed the nursing profession, and campaigned for sanitary practices that saved many lives.
Photograph of Barnum
These vintage images depict highlights from the career of the great showman Phineas T. Barnum, an influential and beloved figure in 19th century America. His museums, shows, and circuses entertained millions of people, and the 1800s would have been a much drearier time without his creative flair and enthusiasm.
These vintage images depict highlights from the career of the great showman Phineas T. Barnum, an influential and beloved figure in 19th century America. His museums, shows, and circuses entertained millions of people, and the 1800s would have been a much drearier time without his creative flair and enthusiasm.
Statue of Phineas T. Barnum
These vintage images depict highlights from the career of the great showman Phineas T. Barnum, an influential and beloved figure in 19th century America. His museums, shows, and circuses entertained millions of people, and the 1800s would have been a much drearier time without his creative flair and enthusiasm.
These vintage images depict highlights from the career of the great showman Phineas T. Barnum, an influential and beloved figure in 19th century America. His museums, shows, and circuses entertained millions of people, and the 1800s would have been a much drearier time without his creative flair and enthusiasm.
Wrapping the Cables
The work of suspending the cables on the Brooklyn Bridge had to be precise and it was complicated by being done high up on the bridge, in all kinds of weather.
The work of suspending the cables on the Brooklyn Bridge had to be precise and it was complicated by being done high up on the bridge, in all kinds of weather.
Ireland's Big Wind
A freak wind storm struck Ireland in January 1839, and became known as the "Big Wind." It was so memorable that decades later, bureaucrats determining who was eligible for old age pensions would ask people if they could remember "The Big Wind."
A freak wind storm struck Ireland in January 1839, and became known as the "Big Wind." It was so memorable that decades later, bureaucrats determining who was eligible for old age pensions would ask people if they could remember "The Big Wind."
Explorer and Slave York
The legendary Lewis and Clark Expedition, which crossed North America to the Pacific Ocean and back from 1804 to 1806, included one participant who was a slave. Learn about York, the "servant" of Capt. William Clark, the co-leader of the expedition.
The legendary Lewis and Clark Expedition, which crossed North America to the Pacific Ocean and back from 1804 to 1806, included one participant who was a slave. Learn about York, the "servant" of Capt. William Clark, the co-leader of the expedition.
Ireland's Daniel O'Connell
Read a brief biography of Daniel O'Connell, "The Liberator," who fought tirelessly for the rights of the Irish oppressed by British rule in the early 1800s.
Read a brief biography of Daniel O'Connell, "The Liberator," who fought tirelessly for the rights of the Irish oppressed by British rule in the early 1800s.
Electric Christmas Lights
The introduction of electric Christmas lights in the 1880s was due to Edward Johnson, a friend and business associate of Thomas Edison. Johnson's family Christmas tree was the first to feature electric lights, and newspapers of the day marveled over his innovation.
The introduction of electric Christmas lights in the 1880s was due to Edward Johnson, a friend and business associate of Thomas Edison. Johnson's family Christmas tree was the first to feature electric lights, and newspapers of the day marveled over his innovation.
Van Diemen's Land
Definition of Van Diemen's Land.
Definition of Van Diemen's Land.
1820-1830 Timeline
The 1820s were a decade of exciting changes throughout the world. In Ireland, "The Liberator," Daniel O'Connell, passed his sweeping reforms. In the US, Andrew Jackson arrived from the frontier as the nation's president. The Erie Canal changed America profoundly, and in Wales the Menai Suspension Bridge brought in the era of great bridges.
The 1820s were a decade of exciting changes throughout the world. In Ireland, "The Liberator," Daniel O'Connell, passed his sweeping reforms. In the US, Andrew Jackson arrived from the frontier as the nation's president. The Erie Canal changed America profoundly, and in Wales the Menai Suspension Bridge brought in the era of great bridges.
The Great East River Bridge
This color lithograph of the newly opened Brooklyn Bridge is titled "The Great East River Bridge."
This color lithograph of the newly opened Brooklyn Bridge is titled "The Great East River Bridge."
Battle of Fredericksburg
Abraham Lincoln hoped the rebellion of the southern states would end in late 1862, and Lincoln was hopeful that General Ambrose Burnside could attack Robert E. Lee's army at Fredericksburg, Virginia and end the war. Burnside's attack went horribly wrong, the Confederates scored a major victory, and the citizens of the northern states sadly realized that the war was nowhere close to being finished.
Abraham Lincoln hoped the rebellion of the southern states would end in late 1862, and Lincoln was hopeful that General Ambrose Burnside could attack Robert E. Lee's army at Fredericksburg, Virginia and end the war. Burnside's attack went horribly wrong, the Confederates scored a major victory, and the citizens of the northern states sadly realized that the war was nowhere close to being finished.
Brooklyn Bridge in Advertising
This advertisement indicates how businesses wanted to associate themselves with the Brooklyn Bridge, which was considered the greatest engineering achievement of its time.
This advertisement indicates how businesses wanted to associate themselves with the Brooklyn Bridge, which was considered the greatest engineering achievement of its time.
Brooklyn Bridge Promenade
People in the late 1800s strolled across the Brooklyn Bridge.
People in the late 1800s strolled across the Brooklyn Bridge.
Contemplated Brooklyn Bridge
Drawings of the Brooklyn Bridge were first produced by John A. Roebling as early as the 1850s. This print, which dates to the mid-1860s, shows the Brooklyn Bridge "as contemplated."
Drawings of the Brooklyn Bridge were first produced by John A. Roebling as early as the 1850s. This print, which dates to the mid-1860s, shows the Brooklyn Bridge "as contemplated."
Timelines of the 1800s
The 19th century was a time of tremendous change, and this comprehensive timeline will help you navigate through the decades of the 1800s.
The 19th century was a time of tremendous change, and this comprehensive timeline will help you navigate through the decades of the 1800s.
Dime Novel
Definition of Dime Novel
Definition of Dime Novel
Lincoln at Cooper Union
Abraham Lincoln traveled to New York City in late February 1860 to present an address before a group of Republican Party activists. He took the stage at Cooper Union, faced an audience of 1,500 curious spectators, and became an instant star. It has been said that Lincoln's Cooper Union address propelled him to the presidency.
Abraham Lincoln traveled to New York City in late February 1860 to present an address before a group of Republican Party activists. He took the stage at Cooper Union, faced an audience of 1,500 curious spectators, and became an instant star. It has been said that Lincoln's Cooper Union address propelled him to the presidency.
Menai Suspension Bridge
The treacherous Menai Strait between Wales and Anglesey was bridged by the brilliant engineer Thomas Telford in the 1820s. His Menai Strait Bridge was an early suspension bridge which used iron chains to support its roadway.
The treacherous Menai Strait between Wales and Anglesey was bridged by the brilliant engineer Thomas Telford in the 1820s. His Menai Strait Bridge was an early suspension bridge which used iron chains to support its roadway.
Classic and Free Lincoln Books
Some of the best books written about Abraham Lincoln were originally published in the late 1800s and early 20th century, and they are freely available on the web.
Some of the best books written about Abraham Lincoln were originally published in the late 1800s and early 20th century, and they are freely available on the web.
Valentine Day Cards History
Read about how the Valentine Card became a longstanding American tradition in the mid-1800s. In Massachusetts a young woman began manufacturing Valentine cards, and in Victorian England the noted illustrator Kate Greenaway produced very popular Valentines. By the end of the century, St. Valentine's Day was firmly established as a holiday.
Read about how the Valentine Card became a longstanding American tradition in the mid-1800s. In Massachusetts a young woman began manufacturing Valentine cards, and in Victorian England the noted illustrator Kate Greenaway produced very popular Valentines. By the end of the century, St. Valentine's Day was firmly established as a holiday.
Symbol of the Bridge's Opening
This illustration from an illustrated newspaper shows how the opening of the Brooklyn Bridge was a cause of great celebration.
This illustration from an illustrated newspaper shows how the opening of the Brooklyn Bridge was a cause of great celebration.
Barnum's Conflagration
These vintage images depict highlights from the career of the great showman Phineas T. Barnum, an influential and beloved figure in 19th century America. His museums, shows, and circuses entertained millions of people, and the 1800s would have been a much drearier time without his creative flair and enthusiasm.
These vintage images depict highlights from the career of the great showman Phineas T. Barnum, an influential and beloved figure in 19th century America. His museums, shows, and circuses entertained millions of people, and the 1800s would have been a much drearier time without his creative flair and enthusiasm.
Abraham Lincoln
Abraham Lincoln has been discussed, debated, and written about perhaps more than any other figure from the 19th century. His personality was distinctly American, and his accomplishments may well have saved the United States.
Abraham Lincoln has been discussed, debated, and written about perhaps more than any other figure from the 19th century. His personality was distinctly American, and his accomplishments may well have saved the United States.
Archbishop John Hughes
One of the most fascinating and controversial Americans of the mid-1800s was Archbishop John Hughes of New York. An Irish immigrant who worked as a gardener while attending the seminary, Hughes attained respect and power that inspired President Abraham Lincoln to dispatch him as a special envoy to Europe during a perilous time for American diplomacy.
One of the most fascinating and controversial Americans of the mid-1800s was Archbishop John Hughes of New York. An Irish immigrant who worked as a gardener while attending the seminary, Hughes attained respect and power that inspired President Abraham Lincoln to dispatch him as a special envoy to Europe during a perilous time for American diplomacy.
The 1863 Draft Riots Erupted in a Quickly Growing New York City
This gallery of vintage images illustrate how the horrors of the New York City Draft Riots were communicated to a stunned nation. The Draft Riots erupted in New York City in July 1863, at the height of the Civil War. The violent encounters in the streets of New York exposed bitter political struggles and extreme ethnic and racial tensions. By the time order had been restored, buildings had been burned and hundreds of people had been wounded or killed.
This gallery of vintage images illustrate how the horrors of the New York City Draft Riots were communicated to a stunned nation. The Draft Riots erupted in New York City in July 1863, at the height of the Civil War. The violent encounters in the streets of New York exposed bitter political struggles and extreme ethnic and racial tensions. By the time order had been restored, buildings had been burned and hundreds of people had been wounded or killed.
Franklin Expedition
Definition of Franklin Expedition.
Definition of Franklin Expedition.
clipper ship
Definition of Clipper Ship
Definition of Clipper Ship
Fenian Movement
Definition of Fenian Movement
Definition of Fenian Movement
Gold Rush Memories
As the 50th anniversary of the discovery of gold in California approached, there was great interest in finding eyewitnesses to the event. An old miner named Adam Wicks was interviewed by the New York Times and related a lively account of the legendary events at Sutter's Mill.
As the 50th anniversary of the discovery of gold in California approached, there was great interest in finding eyewitnesses to the event. An old miner named Adam Wicks was interviewed by the New York Times and related a lively account of the legendary events at Sutter's Mill.
John Sutter
Johann Sutter came to America in the 1830s, made up some military credentials, and eventually became a major figure in the settlement of California. He is best remembered as the California Gold Rush began when nuggets were discovered on his property, and in keeping with his peculiar life, that stroke of luck essentially ruined him.
Johann Sutter came to America in the 1830s, made up some military credentials, and eventually became a major figure in the settlement of California. He is best remembered as the California Gold Rush began when nuggets were discovered on his property, and in keeping with his peculiar life, that stroke of luck essentially ruined him.
New York Draft Riots in July 1863 Were Bloody and Violent
The streets of New York erupted in shocking violence for several days in July 1863 in what became known as the New York City Draft Riots. The federal government instituting conscription for the army during the Civil War was the root cause, though other factors, such as racial and ethnic strife, certainly played a part. This gallery of images documents the horrors of the Draft Riots, in which buildings were burned and hundreds of people were killed or wounded.
The streets of New York erupted in shocking violence for several days in July 1863 in what became known as the New York City Draft Riots. The federal government instituting conscription for the army during the Civil War was the root cause, though other factors, such as racial and ethnic strife, certainly played a part. This gallery of images documents the horrors of the Draft Riots, in which buildings were burned and hundreds of people were killed or wounded.
Barnum's Final Museum
These vintage images depict highlights from the career of the great showman Phineas T. Barnum, an influential and beloved figure in 19th century America. His museums, shows, and circuses entertained millions of people, and the 1800s would have been a much drearier time without his creative flair and enthusiasm.
These vintage images depict highlights from the career of the great showman Phineas T. Barnum, an influential and beloved figure in 19th century America. His museums, shows, and circuses entertained millions of people, and the 1800s would have been a much drearier time without his creative flair and enthusiasm.
Sarah Johnson's Mount Vernon
Read an interview with historian Scott Casper, who discovered a fascinating African-American community centered around Mount Vernon, famed estate of George Washington. His book [i]Sarah Johnson's Mount Vernon[/i], published in February 2008, presents a moving and historically important chronicle of the African-American presence at an iconic location.
Read an interview with historian Scott Casper, who discovered a fascinating African-American community centered around Mount Vernon, famed estate of George Washington. His book [i]Sarah Johnson's Mount Vernon[/i], published in February 2008, presents a moving and historically important chronicle of the African-American presence at an iconic location.
Antebellum Era
Definition of Antebellum.
Definition of Antebellum.
19th Century Christmas
Features of our modern Christmas celebrations such as Santa Claus and Christmas trees became popular in the 19th century, thanks to such characters Clement Clarke Moore, Washington Irving, Prince Albert, Queen Victoria, cartoonist Thomas Nast, and President Benjamin Harrison.
Features of our modern Christmas celebrations such as Santa Claus and Christmas trees became popular in the 19th century, thanks to such characters Clement Clarke Moore, Washington Irving, Prince Albert, Queen Victoria, cartoonist Thomas Nast, and President Benjamin Harrison.
St. Patrick's Day Parade
Learn how the earliest American parades to honor St. Patrick began in the mid-1700s and became major urban events by the mid-1800s.
Learn how the earliest American parades to honor St. Patrick began in the mid-1700s and became major urban events by the mid-1800s.
19th Century History - Articles
An index of Articles for the 19th Century History guide site.
An index of Articles for the 19th Century History guide site.
Opium War
Definition of Opium War.
Definition of Opium War.
penny post
Definition of penny post.
Definition of penny post.
Transportation as Punishment
Definition of transportation as punishment
Definition of transportation as punishment
Mountain Men
Definition of Mountain Men
Definition of Mountain Men
New Year's at the White House
For well over a century, New Year's Day was marked by a public reception at the White House. Diplomats and dignitaries were invited, but so was the general public. Anyone and everyone could wait on line, enter the executive mansion, and shake the hand of the president.
For well over a century, New Year's Day was marked by a public reception at the White House. Diplomats and dignitaries were invited, but so was the general public. Anyone and everyone could wait on line, enter the executive mansion, and shake the hand of the president.
Barnum and Commodore Nutt
These vintage images depict highlights from the career of the great showman Phineas T. Barnum, an influential and beloved figure in 19th century America. His museums, shows, and circuses entertained millions of people, and the 1800s would have been a much drearier time without his creative flair and enthusiasm.
These vintage images depict highlights from the career of the great showman Phineas T. Barnum, an influential and beloved figure in 19th century America. His museums, shows, and circuses entertained millions of people, and the 1800s would have been a much drearier time without his creative flair and enthusiasm.
New York City Draft Riots Erupted and Mobs Burned Federal Buildings
The streets of New York erupted in shocking violence for several days in July 1863 in what became known as the New York City Draft Riots. The federal government instituting conscription for the army during the Civil War was the root cause, though other factors, such as racial and ethnic strife, certainly played a part. This gallery of images documents the horrors of the Draft Riots, in which buildings were burned and hundreds of people were killed or wounded.
The streets of New York erupted in shocking violence for several days in July 1863 in what became known as the New York City Draft Riots. The federal government instituting conscription for the army during the Civil War was the root cause, though other factors, such as racial and ethnic strife, certainly played a part. This gallery of images documents the horrors of the Draft Riots, in which buildings were burned and hundreds of people were killed or wounded.
Whig Party
Definition of the Whig Party, an American political party.
Definition of the Whig Party, an American political party.
Daguerreotype
Daguerreotype
Daguerreotype
Barnum in his Office
These vintage images depict highlights from the career of the great showman Phineas T. Barnum, an influential and beloved figure in 19th century America. His museums, shows, and circuses entertained millions of people, and the 1800s would have been a much drearier time without his creative flair and enthusiasm.
These vintage images depict highlights from the career of the great showman Phineas T. Barnum, an influential and beloved figure in 19th century America. His museums, shows, and circuses entertained millions of people, and the 1800s would have been a much drearier time without his creative flair and enthusiasm.
Barnum's American Museum
These vintage images depict highlights from the career of the great showman Phineas T. Barnum, an influential and beloved figure in 19th century America. His museums, shows, and circuses entertained millions of people, and the 1800s would have been a much drearier time without his creative flair and enthusiasm.
These vintage images depict highlights from the career of the great showman Phineas T. Barnum, an influential and beloved figure in 19th century America. His museums, shows, and circuses entertained millions of people, and the 1800s would have been a much drearier time without his creative flair and enthusiasm.
Barnum's Exhibition Saloon
These vintage images depict highlights from the career of the great showman Phineas T. Barnum, an influential and beloved figure in 19th century America. His museums, shows, and circuses entertained millions of people, and the 1800s would have been a much drearier time without his creative flair and enthusiasm.
These vintage images depict highlights from the career of the great showman Phineas T. Barnum, an influential and beloved figure in 19th century America. His museums, shows, and circuses entertained millions of people, and the 1800s would have been a much drearier time without his creative flair and enthusiasm.
Lewis and Clark 1804
In 1804 the Lewis and Clark expedition got underway, setting out from St. Louis to travel up the Missouri River.
In 1804 the Lewis and Clark expedition got underway, setting out from St. Louis to travel up the Missouri River.
Sleighing in New York City
These vintage images depict highlights from the career of the great showman Phineas T. Barnum, an influential and beloved figure in 19th century America. His museums, shows, and circuses entertained millions of people, and the 1800s would have been a much drearier time without his creative flair and enthusiasm.
These vintage images depict highlights from the career of the great showman Phineas T. Barnum, an influential and beloved figure in 19th century America. His museums, shows, and circuses entertained millions of people, and the 1800s would have been a much drearier time without his creative flair and enthusiasm.
1800-1810 Timeline
The decade from 1800 to 1810 represented a time of expansion and exploration in the United States and a time of warfare and turmoil in Europe.
The decade from 1800 to 1810 represented a time of expansion and exploration in the United States and a time of warfare and turmoil in Europe.
Lewis and Clark 1806
The Lewis and Clark Expedition concluded in 1806, when the Corps of Discovery traveled from its winter fort on the Pacific Coast back to St. Louis, Missouri.
The Lewis and Clark Expedition concluded in 1806, when the Corps of Discovery traveled from its winter fort on the Pacific Coast back to St. Louis, Missouri.
Jenny Lind
These vintage images depict highlights from the career of the great showman Phineas T. Barnum, an influential and beloved figure in 19th century America. His museums, shows, and circuses entertained millions of people, and the 1800s would have been a much drearier time without his creative flair and enthusiasm.
These vintage images depict highlights from the career of the great showman Phineas T. Barnum, an influential and beloved figure in 19th century America. His museums, shows, and circuses entertained millions of people, and the 1800s would have been a much drearier time without his creative flair and enthusiasm.
Scrimshaw
Definition of scrimshaw.
Definition of scrimshaw.
Abolitionist
Definition of abolitionist.
Definition of abolitionist.
Charles Stewart Parnell
Charles Stewart Parnell was one of the most remarkable figures in Irish politics in the 19th century. He was from a wealthy Protestant family yet became a hero to the oppressed Catholics. Elected to the British Parliament, he showed great brilliance, and was eventually brought down by personal scandal.
Charles Stewart Parnell was one of the most remarkable figures in Irish politics in the 19th century. He was from a wealthy Protestant family yet became a hero to the oppressed Catholics. Elected to the British Parliament, he showed great brilliance, and was eventually brought down by personal scandal.
American Museum Building
These vintage images depict highlights from the career of the great showman Phineas T. Barnum, an influential and beloved figure in 19th century America. His museums, shows, and circuses entertained millions of people, and the 1800s would have been a much drearier time without his creative flair and enthusiasm.
These vintage images depict highlights from the career of the great showman Phineas T. Barnum, an influential and beloved figure in 19th century America. His museums, shows, and circuses entertained millions of people, and the 1800s would have been a much drearier time without his creative flair and enthusiasm.
The Grand Hall
These vintage images depict highlights from the career of the great showman Phineas T. Barnum, an influential and beloved figure in 19th century America. His museums, shows, and circuses entertained millions of people, and the 1800s would have been a much drearier time without his creative flair and enthusiasm.
These vintage images depict highlights from the career of the great showman Phineas T. Barnum, an influential and beloved figure in 19th century America. His museums, shows, and circuses entertained millions of people, and the 1800s would have been a much drearier time without his creative flair and enthusiasm.
Young Ireland
Definition of Young Ireland
Definition of Young Ireland
Knights of Labor
Definition of Knights of Labor
Definition of Knights of Labor
Fugitive Slave Act
Definition of Fugitive Slave Act of 1850
Definition of Fugitive Slave Act of 1850
19th Century History - GuideReviews
An index of GuideReviews for the 19th Century History guide site.
An index of GuideReviews for the 19th Century History guide site.
New York Draft Riots
The streets of New York erupted in shocking violence for several days in July 1863 in what became known as the New York City Draft Riots. The federal government instituting conscription for the army during the Civil War was the root cause, though other factors, such as racial and ethnic strife, certainly played a part. This gallery of images documents the horrors of the Draft Riots, in which buildings were burned and hundreds of people were killed or wounded.
The streets of New York erupted in shocking violence for several days in July 1863 in what became known as the New York City Draft Riots. The federal government instituting conscription for the army during the Civil War was the root cause, though other factors, such as racial and ethnic strife, certainly played a part. This gallery of images documents the horrors of the Draft Riots, in which buildings were burned and hundreds of people were killed or wounded.
PBS History Detectives
A review of the sixth season of the History Detectives, a PBS program in which researchers track down the story behind historical artifacts.
A review of the sixth season of the History Detectives, a PBS program in which researchers track down the story behind historical artifacts.
Horatio Alger
The writer Horatio Alger had a profound effect on the 19th century, as his novels instilled the values of hard work and perseverance in American youth. Yet Alger's own life was troubled and marred by a major scandal.
The writer Horatio Alger had a profound effect on the 19th century, as his novels instilled the values of hard work and perseverance in American youth. Yet Alger's own life was troubled and marred by a major scandal.
Phineas T. Barnum
These vintage images depict highlights from the career of the great showman Phineas T. Barnum, an influential and beloved figure in 19th century America. His museums, shows, and circuses entertained millions of people, and the 1800s would have been a much drearier time without his creative flair and enthusiasm.
These vintage images depict highlights from the career of the great showman Phineas T. Barnum, an influential and beloved figure in 19th century America. His museums, shows, and circuses entertained millions of people, and the 1800s would have been a much drearier time without his creative flair and enthusiasm.
Lewis and Clark Timeline
An expedition to the west had long been a fascination of Thomas Jefferson, and as president he dispatched his personal secretary, Meriwether Lewis, to command an expedition to travel to the Pacific Ocean and back. With his old friend William Clark, and their "Corps of Discovery," Lewis and Clark spent more than two years crossing North America.
An expedition to the west had long been a fascination of Thomas Jefferson, and as president he dispatched his personal secretary, Meriwether Lewis, to command an expedition to travel to the Pacific Ocean and back. With his old friend William Clark, and their "Corps of Discovery," Lewis and Clark spent more than two years crossing North America.
Lewis and Clark 1803
Before leaving on the legendary Lewis and Clark Expedition, Meriwether Lewis prepared for the voyage by being tutored by some of the most accomplished scientists in America.
Before leaving on the legendary Lewis and Clark Expedition, Meriwether Lewis prepared for the voyage by being tutored by some of the most accomplished scientists in America.
Lewis and Clark 1805
In 1805 the Lewis and Clark Expedition was far from civilization, heading westward across the plains and into the Rocky Mountains.
In 1805 the Lewis and Clark Expedition was far from civilization, heading westward across the plains and into the Rocky Mountains.
Manifest Destiny
Definition of Manifest Destiny.
Definition of Manifest Destiny.
Oregon Trail
Definition of Oregon Trail.
Definition of Oregon Trail.
Santa Fe Trail
Definition of Santa Fe Trail
Definition of Santa Fe Trail
The New American Museum
These vintage images depict highlights from the career of the great showman Phineas T. Barnum, an influential and beloved figure in 19th century America. His museums, shows, and circuses entertained millions of people, and the 1800s would have been a much drearier time without his creative flair and enthusiasm.
These vintage images depict highlights from the career of the great showman Phineas T. Barnum, an influential and beloved figure in 19th century America. His museums, shows, and circuses entertained millions of people, and the 1800s would have been a much drearier time without his creative flair and enthusiasm.
About - 19th Century History Buyer's Guide
Find Guide reviews, top picks, and advice you can use before you buy.
Find Guide reviews, top picks, and advice you can use before you buy.
Barnum's Tiger Escapes
These vintage images depict highlights from the career of the great showman Phineas T. Barnum, an influential and beloved figure in 19th century America. His museums, shows, and circuses entertained millions of people, and the 1800s would have been a much drearier time without his creative flair and enthusiasm.
These vintage images depict highlights from the career of the great showman Phineas T. Barnum, an influential and beloved figure in 19th century America. His museums, shows, and circuses entertained millions of people, and the 1800s would have been a much drearier time without his creative flair and enthusiasm.
19th Century History - FAQs
An index of FAQs for the 19th Century History guide site.
An index of FAQs for the 19th Century History guide site.
The 69th Regiment Leaves New York for the Civil War, April 1861
The streets of New York erupted in shocking violence for several days in July 1863 in what became known as the New York City Draft Riots. The federal government instituting conscription for the army during the Civil War was the root cause, though other factors, such as racial and ethnic strife, certainly played a part. This gallery of images documents the horrors of the Draft Riots, in which buildings were burned and hundreds of people were killed or wounded.
The streets of New York erupted in shocking violence for several days in July 1863 in what became known as the New York City Draft Riots. The federal government instituting conscription for the army during the Civil War was the root cause, though other factors, such as racial and ethnic strife, certainly played a part. This gallery of images documents the horrors of the Draft Riots, in which buildings were burned and hundreds of people were killed or wounded.
19th Century History - Profiles
An index of Profiles for the 19th Century History guide site.
An index of Profiles for the 19th Century History guide site.
Why Lewis and Clark Explored
The reasons why the Lewis and Clark Expedition crossed North America are varied. Scholars of the expedition can cite several legitimate reasons that prompted President Thomas Jefferson to dispatch Meriwether Lewis, William Clark, and the "Corps of Discovery."
The reasons why the Lewis and Clark Expedition crossed North America are varied. Scholars of the expedition can cite several legitimate reasons that prompted President Thomas Jefferson to dispatch Meriwether Lewis, William Clark, and the "Corps of Discovery."
Racial Tensions Fueled the 1863 New York City Draft Riots
The streets of New York erupted in shocking violence for several days in July 1863 in what became known as the New York City Draft Riots. The federal government instituting conscription for the army during the Civil War was the root cause, though other factors, such as racial and ethnic strife, certainly played a part. This gallery of images documents the horrors of the Draft Riots, in which buildings were burned and hundreds of people were killed or wounded.
The streets of New York erupted in shocking violence for several days in July 1863 in what became known as the New York City Draft Riots. The federal government instituting conscription for the army during the Civil War was the root cause, though other factors, such as racial and ethnic strife, certainly played a part. This gallery of images documents the horrors of the Draft Riots, in which buildings were burned and hundreds of people were killed or wounded.